据 网易新闻 报道： 沪指昨收于2202点 破2245股市回到7年前

　　核心提示：昨日，沪深股市大幅低开，以2224.53点开盘后，全天低位盘整，盘中一度跌破2200点，击破2001年6月的2245历史高点。机构分析称，1700点到2245点区间的强阻力在1700点。查看全文>>

我对这条新闻的看法是：

每个中国人都应该看

请点击下面链接然后点击播放键

"http://vhead.blog.sina.com.cn/player/outer_player.swf?auto=0&vid=12417440&uid=1401913474type=type="application/x-shockwave-flash"

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据 网易新闻 报道： 新疆喀什边防支队遭爆炸袭击16死16伤(视频)

　　核心提示：8月4日上午8时许，喀什市边防支队集体出早操，行至怡金宾馆前时，突遭两名犯罪嫌疑人驾车袭击，并引发车上的爆炸物，造成16人死亡，16人受伤。两名犯罪嫌疑人已被抓获，案件正在进一步调查之中。查看全文>>

我对这条新闻的看法是：

2008.7.6 青岛一浴最可爱的人

前不久泛滥的浒苔在解放军和武警官兵以及志愿者的联合努力下，已经基本清除完毕，然而周五的一场大雨，让原本清洁的一浴又变成了绿色的海洋今天是周末，一大早在单位里就听到了军号嘹亮的声音，知道解放军又忙碌起来了，志愿者也来了中午短暂休息之后，我迫不及待的背着相机来到了忙碌的一浴，打算用相机捕捉一组当时最可爱的人，通过网络来表示对他们的敬意然而，当我身临其境处于他们忙碌的周围时，我被他们的所作所为给感染了，于是我卷起裤子，脱下凉鞋，跨好了背包，加入了他们的行列中，在解放军鼓舞人心的口号带领下，东北大哥来了年迈的大爷大妈来了天真可爱的小朋友也来了，为了让我们记住他们的身影，我忙里偷闲拍了一组照片，希望我们能永远记住他们为中国青岛和2008奥帆赛所做得贡献，他们不愧是2008.7.6最可爱的人

浒苔 
开放分类： 海洋生物藻类水产

 拉丁文学名：Enteromorpha prolifra （Muell.）J.Ag.

别名：苔条，苔菜



藻体草绿色，管状膜质，丛生，主枝明显，分枝细长，高可达1米基部以固着器附着在岩石上，生长在中潮带滩涂，石砾上12月至翌年4月是生长盛期 

价值：
浒苔富含碳水化合物蛋白质粗纤维及矿物质，同时还含有脂肪和维生素（表1）在浒苔蛋白质中，氨基酸种类齐全，必需氨基酸含量较高，其中缘管浒苔的限制氨基酸为赖氨酸，氨基酸评分为79；条浒苔的限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸，氨基酸评分为80（表2）浒苔的脂肪酸组成中，多不饱和脂肪酸单不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的含量为分别为50.5％12.7％和36.8％，其中包括近4％的奇数碳原子脂肪酸因此浒苔是高蛋白高膳食纤维低脂肪低能量，且富含矿物质和维生素的天然理想营养食品的原料 

青岛浒苔蕴藏巨大商机

近日,青岛近海出现漂浮绿藻浒苔,如不及时清理，将对奥帆赛举行造成很大影响,数万人大战浒苔,景象壮观其实,让青岛人如临大敌的浒苔却蕴含着数百万元的巨大的财富!100斤价值三四百元钱!

浒苔俗称绿藻，又称青菜苔条苔菜，浒苔属，绿藻门石莼科的一属藻体呈绿色，管状膜质，丛生，主枝明显，分枝细长，藻体本身无毒性，鲜菜可以食用

浒苔可以大量吸收海水中的二氧化碳和氮类物质，同时释放大量氧气，中国科学院海洋研究所的费修绠教授说，浒苔是一种无毒的可食用食品，也是养鸡养鲍鱼的绝佳饲料费教授说，根据调查，目前日本用于食用的浒苔干品年产量在300吨到400吨之间，这相当于2000吨到3000吨的鲜品浒苔产量而我国浙江省也有专门养殖浒苔的厂家

6月30日上午，美国赛科尔国际总裁在银滩投资创业的美籍华人于长春女士，找到银滩管委的主要领导，希望打捞上来的浒苔不要丢弃，全部交给她进行开发利用

于长春说，很早以前，他们就研究海藻的科学利用价值不管是作为原材料，还是加工成生物及微生物产品，在美国市场的需求量都很大 她的合作伙伴是美国人，正在乳山考察市场，他也非常看好浒苔的利用价值对银滩管委送来的浒苔，他们可以就地加工，也可以烘干进行储备即便是已经腐烂了，在半年内也可以利用

感谢 大家对那些解放军武警官兵以及所有陌生的的志愿者在浒苔治理过程中所做贡献的认可 本人声明一下 当时我是真的被他们的举止所深深感染 因此我在忙碌一会后 意识到自己的劳作可能也是杯水车薪 因此 通过照片的形式来记录这些可爱的身影  觉得更有意义 希望 理解 继续支持我的blog ^_^

有人收购

现在正在加工饲料

呵呵

现在情况已经好多了

不像照片这样吓人了

现在全部机械化清理了

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一键转贴，快速捕捉生活精彩，赢每周好礼！查看活动首页>>

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第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）

1 -5题：阅读下面的小对话，从A,B,C二个选项中选出一个能填人空白处的最佳选项。

1. --- Shall we go to a restaurant?--- ____B___.

A.    Thank you very much

      B.    Great

      C.    See you later

2.--- What would you like to have? ___B___.

       A.    I’m sorry about it

       B.    An orange juice, please

       C.    Goodbye

3.--- __C___? --- Two years ago.

       A.    Where did you go

       B.    Do you like Japan

       C.    When did you visit Japan

4.---   What time will the next train leave?___B____.

       A.    Five people

       B.   At 8.19

       C.    At the railway station

5. What are you going to do tomorrow morning?___A__.

       A.    I’m playing tennis with some friends

       B.    I saw a film with my son

       C.    I go swimming every Thursday

1. Can you remember the doctor’s telephone number?--- ___C___.

A. Nice to meet you

B. No, thank you

C. Yes. It’s 6825612

2.Is dinner ready, Carol? --- ____A___.

A. It’s nearly ready

B. I’m hungry

C. Fine, thank you.

3.What does he look like?--- ___C___.

 A. He just got married

B. He is about 40

C. He is tall and thin

4.I went to a fashion show last night.--- ____C___?

 A. Who took away my book

B. Why not

 C. What was it like

5.Could I have a bottle of water, please?--- __B___.

A. Thank you very much

 B. Certainly, madam

C. See you later

1．一Are you ready to order`? --____B___.

   A. I’m sorry about it

   B. Yes. I’ll have a chicken salad please

   C. Goodbye

2．--Is there a bank near here?--___C__.

   A. No，I don’t like it

   B. Yes. I saw him this morning.

   C. Yes. There is one just down the road

3．一____B___ -- Two years ago.

   A. Where did he go

   B. When did he go to America

   C. How long has he been in America

4．--I went to a fashion show last night.—_____C____？

A. Who took away my book      B. Why not       C. What was it like

5. ___A____？

I’ ve never been there but I hope to go there in the future.

A. Have you been to America

   B. Where are you going for holiday

   C. What did you do last week

1．一Hello，Xiaoyan. How was the party? --___B___.

   A. I'm fine，thank you

   B. Hi，Jack. We had a great time

   C. It was Friday

2．一___A____？

   一I'd rather stay at home.

   A. Shall we go to the cinema this evening

   B. How do you feel today

   C. What are you going to do this evening

3．一____C____-？

 一Yes，I am.

   A. What's your name

   B. How old are you

   C. Are you married

4．一Can I get you something to drink? --___C____.

   A. Nice to meet you.

   B. I'd like a roast chicken，please

   C. Yes, please. A coca-cola for me

5．一How can I book a cheap hotel?___B____.

   A. You can get to London in an hour

   B. If I were you，I'd phone a travel agent

   C. You can stay there for four nights

1．--Shall we see a movie tonight?-___B____.

   A. Thank you very much

   B. Good idea

   C. See you later

2．--What would you like to drink，madam?-____A___.

   A. Can I have a glass of white wine

   B. Can I help you

   C. How do you do

3．--When did you first come to China?-____C___.

   A. Since 1996

   B. For 10 years

   C. 10 years ago

4. --Do you like your job?-____B___.

  A. I’m a nurse

  B. Yes. I find it very interesting

C. They are very nice

5. --What are you going to do this evening?-_____A___.

A. I’m going to meet some friends

B. I’ve seen a film with some friends

C. I went there with some friends

 1．____A___？

    It’s half past seven.

        A. What time is it now

        B. Can I help you

        C. Where are you going

2．_B__？

       -I'm a journalist.

        A. What’s your name

        B. What’s your job

        C. Where are you from

3．---Are you ready to order? ---___A__

A. Yes. I’11 have a chicken salad please

        B. I'm sorry about it

        C. Goodbye

4．---Shall we have something to eat before we go?-___C___

        A. Nice to meet you

        B. I don't think I know you

        C. Good idea

5．_B___？

       ---1’ve never been there but I hope to go there in the future.

        A. Where are you going for holiday

        B. Have you been to America

        C. What did you do last week

1．Would you like to go to the cinema this evening?   C  

A. I'm fine，thank you

B. Yes, I am

C. Yes，that’s a good idea

2．一___C__？

一Yes, I am.

A. What’s your name

B. How old are you

C. Are you married

3．一Do you like your job?-___B__.

A. I'm a nurse

B. Yes. I find it very interesting

C. They are very nice

4．一I went to a fashion show last night.  C__？

A. Who took away my book

B. Why not

C. What was it like

5．一_A__？

一Yes. What time is it on Friday?

A. Are you coming to the meeting on Friday

B. When will the meeting start

C. What are you going to do this Friday

第二部分 词汇与结构

6. Is the supermarket _A_the right or left？

   A. on

 B. in

C. at

7. An application form will be sent to you _A_.

   A. on request

B. on a request

C. in request

8. Tom helped her mother _C_the cooking.

A. for

B. on

C. with

9. My brother told me _C_his trip to Scotland.

A. on

B. with

C. about

10. I was __A_ my __ to school when I saw the accident.

A. on, way

B. in，way

C. on, time

11. Don't __B___her. She is listening to the news now.

A. disturb to

B. disturb

C. disturbing

12. He is a good friend of __C___.

A. our

B. our's

C. ours

 13. My sister has   C＿been to the Summer Palace. I’m going to take her there.

A. ever

B. sometime

C. never

 14. A：is at the door?

     B: It must be our new neighbour, Mrs Jones.   C

        A. What

B. Which

C. Who

15. I've always enjoyed __B__.

A. to swim

B. swimming

C. swim

16. A：Have you had your breakfast?

    B: No, I haven't had it

A. ever

  B. yet 

C. just

17. It’s a long way to get there. This is＿we started so early.

     A. why

B. what

C. how

18. 1’m really looking forward to＿from you.

 A. hear

 B. hearing

 C. being heard

19. A：I haven't eaten all day.

    B: You＿be very hungry.

A. must

B. should

C. have to

20. Is it difficult to learn to        Tai Chi?

A. play

B. go

C. do

21. I don't want to watch

A. anything sad

B. something sad

C. sad anything

22. 1 have to go now. I have to pick＿my son from school.

A. in

B. with

C. up

23. I'm going to＿a flat near the company I'm working at.

A. hire

B. borrow

 C. rent

24. A：Have you ever tried to play snooker?

    B:

A. No, I tried

  B. No, I haven't

C. No, I didn't

25. 1 am having the TV_________tomorrow.

A. repaired

B. repair

C. to repair

6. The book was rather expensive，but I bought it＿B．

A. any way

B. anyway

C. even though

7. He failed ___A_____ all his efforts.

A. in spite of

B. even if

C. although

8. Mary won the first place in the competition. Her father was very pleased＿A＿her.

A. with

B. at

C. for

9. They named the island＿C  its discoverer.

A. in

B. to

C. after

10. I'm going to buy a book for my son. Have you seen＿A ？

A. anything interesting

B. interesting something

C. interesting anything

11. A: Have you typed the letter for me'?

B：____A____.

A. Yes，I have

B. Yes，I do

C. Yes，I've done

12. 1’ve always enjoyed＿B  ．

A. swim

B. swimming

C. to swim

13. A: _____C____my glasses?

B: Yes，I saw them on your bed.

A. Do you see

B. Would you see

C. Have you seen

14. Mr Smith has＿ A gone out to meet an old friend.

 A. just

B．once

C. yet

15. A concert will be held here____C___ 4 pm ________ Tuesday. 

A. on... at

B．in... in

C. at... on

16. Nice weather,  B＿？ 

A. doesn’t it

B. isn't it

C. hasn't it                                                    

17. I had a sandwich before I played tennis,＿A   I'm very hungry now.

A. but

B. and  

C. so                                         

18. The girl is wearing a ____B_____coat.

A. baggy long

B. long baggy

C. baggy black

19. A: Which jacket do you like?

B: The blue   A＿over there.

A. one

B. it

C. that                                                      

20. A car hit her when she was wa1king ______A_____ the road

A. through

B. across

C. on

21. A：I haven’t eaten all day-

B：You＿C   be very hungry.

A. should

B. have to

C. must                                                    

22. We used to＿A   bicycles to go to work.

A. ride

B. riding

C. to ride

23. He loved to ___B___ basketball when he was young.

A. do

B. play

C. go

24. My brother told me＿C  his trip to Scotland.

A. on

B. with

C. about

25. A：__A___is at the door?

B: It must be our new neighbour, Mrs Jones.

A. Who

B. What

C. Which

6. Today is too busy. Let’s discuss it＿C  next week.

A. sometimes

B. some times

C. some time

7. A：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

  B：Oh，not at all，I＿＿A＿here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. was

C. will be

8. His grandfather is very healthy. He ___B____ drinks __smokes.

A. both，and

B. neither, nor

C. neither, or

9. As she _____B______ the newspaper, Granny _asleep.

  A. read... was falling

  B. was reading... fell

  C. read…fell

10. The book was rather expensive，but I bought it＿B＿

A. any way

B. anyway

C. even though

11. The buses，___B__were full of people couldn’ t go very fast.

A. that

B. which

C. there

12. I have no idea who stole his wallet. It＿A＿＿anyone.

   A. could have been

   B. should have been

   C. must have been

13. Mary said she  A＿all over the world.

A. had been to

B. has gone to

C. went to

14. Mary’s father is very pleased＿ A  her.

A. with

B. at

C. for

15. You’d better have your hair  B ＿before going to your friend’s wedding.

A. cutting

B. cut

C. to cut

16. He stopped＿A＿TV when the dinner was ready.

A. watching

B. to watch

C. watch

17. Nice weather,＿C  ？

A. doesn’t it

B. hasn’t it

C. isn’t it

18. Mike offered to help and so＿C＿John.

A. does

B. is

C. did

19. Mary told Little, Tom not＿C  all the money.

A. spend

B. spent

C. to spend

20. A：Have you finished your homework?

   B：________C__________.

   A. No，I didn’t.

   B. No，I haven’t finished.

   C. No，I haven’t.

21. He used to＿B＿very hard when he was young.

A. working

B. work

C. to work

22. He has＿＿A＿gone out.

A. just

B. now

C. soon

23. We enjoy＿＿＿C＿＿＿＿very much，because it is good to our health.

A. swim

B. to swim

C. swimming

24. March the 8th is＿B  Day.

A. Woman’s

B. Women’s

C. Womens’

25. A concert will be held in the school hall ____C_____4 pm _________Tuesday.

A. on... at

B. in...in

C. at ... on

6. Sally is looking for a new job. She has been bored＿her job as a secretary.

A. by

B. from

C. with

7. A：＿my glasses?

  B Yes，I saw them on your bed a minute ago.

A. Do you see

B. Would you see

C. Have you seen

8. An application form will be sent to you_____A______

A. on request

B. on a request

C. in request

9. I was watching TV＿B＿＿the telephone rang.

A. while

B. when

C. since

10. They named the island＿＿A＿＿＿its discoverer.

A. after

B. in

C. to

11 Could you please tell us what kind of work＿＿B＿you have got experience?

A. at that

B. in which

C. which

12. You can remember what you do if you＿＿B＿＿＿．

A. take a diary

B. keep a diary

C. make a diary

13. This morning I had my finger＿C＿when I was preparing breakfast.

A. cutting

B. to cut

C. cut

14. A：Thank you for lending me your dictionary.

   B：You're welcome. But could you＿A＿＿to me tomorrow?

A. give it back

B. give back it

C. get back

15. He is really a good man，＿＿＿B＿＿？

A. doesn't he

B. isn't he

C. won't he

16. I'm going to buy Mary a birthday gift. Do you have＿in mind?

   A. special something

   B. special anything

 C. anything special

17. My father told me＿his trip to Xin Jiang.

A. of

B. about

C. with

18. I've always enjoyed______A________

A. swimming

B. to swim

C. swim

19. We used to＿bicycles to go to work.

 A. ride

B. riding

C. to ride

20. Don't＿him. He is writing a letter now.

A. disturb to

B. disturb

C. disturbing

21. A car hit her when she was walking＿B＿the road.

A. through

B. across

C. on

22. A：Have you typed the letter for me?

   B：__A____.

   A. Yes，I have

   B. Yes，I do

   C. Yes，I've done

23. We haven't seen such a beautiful film

   A. since four years

   B. for the past four years

   C. four years ago

24. My parents have＿been to the Great Wall.

   A. as yet

   B. sometime

 C. never

25. Shirley＿a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.

A. has written

B. write

 C. was writing

6. Tom helped her mother＿the cooking.

 A. for

B. on

 C. with

7. I was＿my＿to school when I saw the accident.

A. on，way

B. in，way

C. on，time

8. A：____is at the door?

  B：It must be our new neighbour, Mrs Jones.

A. What

B. Which

C. Who

9. It’s a long way to get there. This is＿we started so early.

 A. why 

B. what

C. how

10. A：I haven’t eaten all day.

   B: You＿be very hungry.

 A. must

B. should

C. have to

 11. I don’t want to watch＿．

A. anything sad

B. something sad

C. sad anything

12. I’m going to＿a flat near the company I’m working at.

A. hire

B. borrow

C. rent

13. Football is so popular that it is played＿more than 20 million people in more than 140 countries.

A. with

B. by

C. for

14. The boy is wearing a ____B_______T一shirt.

A. baggy long

B. long baggy

C. baggy black

15. They are friends of_____B_____．Please be nice to them.

A. my

B. mine

C. I

16. Guilin is____C______ the west of China.

A. to

B. at

C. in

17. Mr Smith has＿gone out to meet an old friend.

 A. just

B. once

C. yet

18. He loved＿basketball when he was young.

A. doing

B. playing

C. going

19. A：＿one is yours，Julie?

   B：The blue one with white flowers on it.

A. Who

B. What

C. Which

20. She ______B______ to town last week.

A. goes

B. went

C. has gone

21. Get up！Mary. Tom has＿called you three times this morning.

A. yet

B. already

C. never

22.＿stole his camera while he is lying on the beach.

A. Anyone

B. Someone

C. Everyone

23. I don’t know＿to explain it to her.

A. what

B. why

 C. how

24. I＿him my bike last weekend.

A. lent

B. hired

C. returned

25. ＿of her brothers came to the wedding. They don’t like her new husband.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. All

6. A: __B____ did you have for breakfast?

B: Coffee and toast.

A. How

B. What

C. When

7. Paul ___A___ to learn French when he was 11.

A. began

 B. begins

C. begin

8. John enjoys __A__ while his brother prefers to go skiing.

A. jogging

B. to jog

 C. jog

9. A: Would you like to go to the cinema with me? B: I’d __C__ stay at home. A. like

B. prefer

C. rather

10.There wasn’t _C_ in the house when she got home.

A. any

B. somebody

C. anybody

11. A: Which picture do you like? B: I think the big ___A_ is better.

A. one

B. ones

C. picture

12.I’m tired. I haven’t got _A___ energy （精力）to go to the gym today.

A. enough

B. many

C. little

13. She told the children ___B___ make a noise.

A. don’t

B. not to

C. to not

14._B___ of her brothers came to the wedding. They don’t like her new husband. A. Either

B. Neither

C. All

15. John didn’t turn up ____C___ the meeting had finished.

A. by

B. in

C. until

16. My plant died. I _A___ watered （浇水）it.

A. should have

B. must have

C. could have

17. The gifts he brought from Britain ___B___ last week.

A. sent out（送出）

B. were sent out

C. have sent out

18. Sorry, I’m not free this evening. ___B___ dinner with Mike.

A. I will have

B. I’m having

C. I have

19. I saw him _C__ in his office when everyone was looking for him.

A. reads a book

B. to read a book

C. reading a book

20. He said that he __A___ try his best to help me.

A. would

B. does

C. will

21. We’re going ___C___ holiday in the autumn this year.

A. up

B. to

C. on

22. He said he ___A___ got enough money.

A. hadn’t

B. hasn’t

C. didn’t

23. He used to shout _B____ me when I was a child.

 A. on

B. at

C. after

24. He asked the waiter _A__ a glass of water.

A. for

B. to

C. with

25. A: What a nice day! B: Yes. Let’s go camping, ___C___?

A. don’t we

B. won’t we

C. shall we

6.The boys got ___B___ very late this morning. They watched too much TV last night.

A. in

B. up

C. together

7.They ___B__ leave next Friday.

A. decided

B. decided to

C. decide

8.They named the island ___A____ its discoverer.

A. after

B. in

C. to

9.The child ___B___ fluent French.

A. says

B. speaks

C. talks

10.A car hit her when she was walking __B____ the road.

A.through 

B.across 

C. on

11.I ____B__ along the street when he shouted at me.

A.walked

B.was walking

C.walk

12.He bought two books. __B___ I.

A. So was

B. So did

C. So do

13.The buses, ___B___ were full of people, couldn’t go very fast.

A.that

B. which 

C. there

14.Tomorrow is my mother’s birthday. I want to buy ____C____for her.

A. anything special

B. special something

C. something special

15.He is really good man, __B____?

A.doesn’t he

B. isn’t he 

C. won’t he

16.He stopped ___A_____ TV when the dinner was ready.

A. watching

B. to watch

C. watch

17.The children are enjoying _C_ at the party.

A. himself

B. theirs

C. themselves

18.I don’t know where the key is, but I suppose I ___A_____ it at home.

A. could have left

B. should have left

C. must leave

19.Mary said she ___A___ all over the world.

A. had been to

B. has gone to

C. went to

20.I __C____ table tennis quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.

A. will play

B. have played

C. play

21.We used to ___A___ bicycles to go to work.

A. ride

B. riding

C. to ride

22.This morning I had my finger __C____ when I was preparing breakfast.

A. cutting 

B. to cut 

C. cut

23.This jacket is not ____C_____ for me. I need a bigger size.

 A. enough big

B. smaller

C. big enough

24.A: I didn’t have time for lunch today.

B: I didn’t ____C____.

A. neither 

 B. too 

 C. either

25.Mother told Little Tom not __C____ all the money.

A. spend 

B. spent 

C. to spend

第三部分阅读理解（共计20分）

    Ivydale Guesthouse**** Bath Tourist Association Approved

    Ron and Ann welcome you to Ivydale，where modern comforts and traditional hospitality meet.

    ·Conveniently located---a short walk from the city centre.

·Well-equipped---all rooms have an en suite bathroom, colour TV with satellite channels，tea/coffee-making facilities，mini bar and phone.

·Excellent food---we offer full English and buffet breakfasts. Vegetarian food available on request.

·Peace and quiet---Ivydale is situated in its own gardens, offering the perfect atmosphere for business travellers and tourists.

·Please note that we operate a strict no-smoking policy.

·Mini-break deals available.

For reservations or a brochure，please call (01225) 1212355

26. The owner of the guesthouse is/are＿．

   A. Ivydale

 B. Ron and Ann

C. Bath

27. The guesthouse is＿the city centre.

A. near to

B. far from

C. in

28. Guests can ___________

  A. make tea in their room

B. get online with their computer

C. smoke in their room

29. The guesthouse is＿．

 A. boring but quiet

B. peaceful and quiet

C. noisy and busy

30. People＿smoke in the guesthouse.

 A. can

B. don't want to

C. are not allowed to

31-35题：阅读下列短文。并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（Right)、错误（Wrong), 还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（Doesn't say),（共计10分，每小题2分）

Sarah Peters was born on January 4'"，1973 in Brighton. She and her family lived in Brighton until she was ten. Then they moved to Oxford and stayed there until she left school ---that’s Fendale Secondary School---at eighteen. Then she went to London Business College and got a diploma（文凭）in Marketing（市场营销）．After that Sarah Peters got a job with a hotel group---the TFC Hotel Group---in Liverpool，as a marketing assistant. That happened in 1992 and she left the hotel group in October 1993. She left because she didn’t like to stay in Liverpool. She wanted to work in London. Her life changed a lot after she went to London. She joined a large business company and soon made a name for herself（出名）because of her special ability and excellent work in marketing.

Sarah Peters is now married with two lovely daughters（女儿）．Besides（除了）being an excellent marketing expert and a good mother, she is also a good writer. She has written two books about her marketing experiences.

    31. Sarah Peters received her secondary education（中学教育）in Brighton.

A. Right.

 B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

    32. She studied Marketing in Oxford University.

        A. Right.

 B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

    33. She worked for the hotel group for about one year.

      A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

    34. She liked London better because London is a bigger city.

     A. Right.

B. Wrong

C. Doesn't say.

    35. She is a successful career woman as well as a good mother.

      A. Right.

B. Wrong.

    C. Doesn't say.

31-35题：阅读下列短文．并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（Right)、错误（Wrong) ,

还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（Doesn't say).（共计10分，每小题2分）

    The day was like any other day in his life. Tom walked past the shop on the street corner. He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted very much was still there. Looking down, he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have them for his birthday.

    He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him anything he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money. He decided not to go home at once，as he looked worried and his mother would notice it. So he went to the park and sat on the grass. Then he saw a boy in a wheel chair. He noticed that the boy moved the wheel with his hands. Tom looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy had no feet. He looked at his own feet. "It’s much better to be without shoes than without feet” he thought. There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad. He

went away and smiled，thinking he was happier.

31. Tom passed the shop by bus.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

32. Tom stopped in front of the shop to look at the shoes he liked.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

33. The pair of shoes was too expensive for Tom and his mother.

A. Right.  

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

34. The boy sitting in the wheel chair had no legs.

A. Right.

  B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

35. Tom went home to tell his mother about what had happened.

 A. Right.

B. Wrong.

 C. Doesn't say.

26一30题：阅读下列短文，从A,B,C三个选项中选出一个正确答案。（共计10分，每小题2分）

    My grandfather was a completely different person before he had a stroke. He worked as a chief ac-countant，and he worked really long hours. People used to say that he was a workaholic. When he came home，he was always tired and this used to make him irritable. He didn't use to be sociable at all. He used to spend a lot of time alone working in the garden. I used to be frightened of him as a child. He used to shout at us all the time. Then，suddenly he became ill，and then the doctors told him he had to give up work. He changed almost overnight. His attitude to lots of things changed. He relaxed and spent time with his grandchildren. When he died，I think he was a really happy，relaxed man.

26. My grandfather used to__B____.

   A. drink a lot

   B. work very hard

   C. be the manager

27. He was____C_____ when he came home.

A. very pleasant

B. excited

C. easy to get angry

28. When I was a child，I＿C＿．

   A. liked him very much

   B. I hated him

   C. was afraid of him

29. Doctors asked him to ______A______ after he had a stroke.

   A. stop working

   B. change his attitude

   C. work less

30. When he died，he____C_____.

A. was feeling worried

B. was irritable

C. was a happy man

31 -35题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（Right)、错误（Wrong) ,

还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（Doesn't say) （共计10分，每小题2分）

Mr Spinney has got a great love for puppets（木偶）．He is now over sixty. He started working with puppets when he was only eight years old. In the late sixties，he was lucky enough to have a chance to work on Sesame Street（芝麻街），a very famous American television show for children. Today, Sesame Street is shown on television in more than eighty countries. Spinney plays the part of the man inside an eight-footyellow chicken called Big Bird.

Spinney likes his job very much and he thinks it's his duty to play his part well and give children lots of fun. He doesn't want children to know that Big Bird is in fact a man，so he tries to be very careful. Once, however, a child saw him when he was getting out of his costume（演出服装）．She looked at him and then said，“Mummy！Does Big Bird know he's got a man inside him?"

31. Mr Spinney is an actor.

A. Right.

 B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

32. He started making puppets when he was eight.

A. Right

 B. Wrong 

 C. Doesn't say.

33. Sesame Street is popular in America and other countries.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

34. Mr Spinney has got a lot of money playing the part of Big Bird.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

35. The child knows that Big Bird is actually played by an actor.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

Hi，Tim,

    Well，I am back here and-how do you say it-nose to the grindstone again. Actually it is good to be back although I do miss London already. Shanghai has changed a little-there are more buildings going up everywhere and I think that there are even more cars. At present I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the moment，but I am thinking of buying a flat.

    Big news！They've promoted me. Three days after I got back，the General ;Manager called me into his office and told me he wants to put me in charge of the 1CT Division，with responsibility throughout China. He asked me if I would like the job-I said I certainly would. It's wonderful. Thank you so much for all your help-I learnt so much in London. I get a big rise，of course，which means 1 can get a flat in the middle of town. I probably won't bother about a car-if I live centrally，then 1 can use public transport or taxis.

    The GM also said he thought it would be a good idea if you came out to talk about ICT with us. And so do I. I told him it was a very good idea indeed（his idea of course！）. So you（an expect an invitation next month. I'd really like you to meet our team out here.

    I'll be in touch again. Please give my love to everyone.

Xiaoyan

26. What does ‘nose to the grindstone’ mean here?

   A. It means working very hard.

   B. It means returning to one's home

   C. It means looking for better opportunities.

27. How has Shanghai changed according to Xiaoyan?

   A. The public transport and taxis are better.

   B. There are more ICT companies.

   C. There are more buildings and cars.

28. What is Xiaoyan's family doing for her9

   A. They let Xiaoyan live with them.

   B. They support Xiaoyan in her work.

   C. They give Xiaoyan money to buy a flat.

29. Is it possible that Xiaoyan can buy her own flat? Why?

   A. Yes. Because she's got a better job.

   B. Yes. Because she's got a higher pay.

   C. No. It's very expensive to buy a flat in Shanghai

30. What will Tim probably do next month?

   A. He will probably come to Shanghai to study ICT.

   B. He will send them a letter inviting them to his place.

   C. He will probably come and talk about ICT with Xiaoyan's colleagues.

31 -35题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（Right)、错误（Wrong) ,

还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（Doesn't say) o（共计10分，每小题2分）

    Linda was a few minutes late. Wilson had left the office when she got there. His secretary told her he would be back in a few minutes. She had to sit down and wait for a few minutes in the outer office.

    “I'll never get this job，”she told herself. For a moment she wanted to run out of the building. Just then，Wilson came through the door acid hurried into his office. A few seconds later his secretary took Linda in and introduced her.

    Linda apologized for being late. Wilson did not seem to mind. They talked for a few seconds and then got down to business. He took out her letter of application.

    “You've never worked in radio and television before，have you?" he said. Linda's answer was“No"．Now she was even more sure that she would not get the job. Wilson asked her a few more questions.

    To her surprise，he seemed happy with her answers. She was even more surprised when he asked her if she could start soon. “I wonder if you'd mind starting next month?" he asked with a smile. It seemed she had got the job after all！

31. Linda was late for the interview because she got up too late.

 A. Right.

B. Wrong.

 C. Doesn't say.

32. Wilson left the office to meet Linda.

 A. Right.

B Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

33. Linda went into Wilson's office by herself.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

34. Linda was experienced in radio and television work.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

35. Linda was surprised she could get the job.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn't say.

Ivydale Guesthouse**** Bath Tourist Association Approved

    Ron and Ann welcome you to Ivydale，where modern comforts and traditional hospitality meet.

    ．Conveniently located一a short walk from the city centre.

    ．Well一equipped一all rooms have an en suite bathroom，colour TV with satellite channels，tea/coffee一making facilities，mini bar and phone.

    ．Excellent food一we offer full English and buffet breakfasts. Vegetarian food available on request.

    ．Peace and quiet一Ivydale is situated in its own gardens，offering the perfect atmosphere for business travellers and tourists.

    ．Please note that we operate a strict no一smoking policy.

      ．Mini一break deals available.

For reservations or a brochure，please call（01225）1212355

26. The owner of the guesthouse is/are＿．

A. Ron and Ann

B. Ivydale

C. Bath

27. The guesthouse is＿the city centre.

A. far from

 B. near to

C. in

28. Guests can

   A. get online with their computer

   B. smoke in their room

   C. make tea in their room

29. The guesthouse is___

 A. boring but quiet

 B. peaceful and quiet

C. noisy and busy

30. People＿smoke in the guesthouse.

A. can

B. are not allowed to

C. don’t want to

When I first knew Mike, we lived in a small village in Scotland. It was very different from Mike’s life in London now. We went to school together on our bicycles. Every morning I went to his house and knocked on the door. Every morning Mike’s mum said, “I? 痬 sorry. He’s a bit late this morning”, and so I had to wait. Each day we were late for school, and I remember the teacher got very annoyed with us. I never told her we were late because of Mike. Now, 25 years later, I play tennis with Mike. I usually drive him to the tennis club. I go to his flat and he opens the door and says, “I’m sorry. I’m a bit late today.” The only reason he wasn’t late for his own wedding is that we lied to him about the time! As boys we spent a lot of time out exploring on our bikes. We went walking and fishing. I didn’t like fishing because I couldn’t swim. Probably the funniest thing we did was when we stole a bottle of whiskey from my Dad. We cycled about 5 miles away to drink it in one of our favourite places. When we finished drinking it, we couldn’t cycle back – it was a long, slow walk. I’m sure we looked awful. We still do, when we come back from the pub on Friday nights. Nothing’s changed really. Oh, and I still can’t swim.

26. Mike now lives in ___B_______.

A. a village in Scotland

B. London

C. a village near London

27. __A____ got up late every morning.

 A. Mike

B. Mike’s mum

C. I

28. 25 years later, Mike ___B_______.

A. is early in doing everything

 B.still is late as in the past

 C. is never late again

29. As boys both of them liked _____B_____.

A. fishing

B. riding bicycles

C. swimming

30. They walked 5 miles back home because they ______C____.

 A. were tired

B. enjoyed walking

C. were drunk

31-35 题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（Right）、错误（Wrong），还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（Doesn’t say）。（共计10分，每小题2分）

Welcome to the historic and beautiful City of Lincoln. Thank you for calling the Lincoln Tourist Information Office. I’m afraid the office is closed at the moment. Our normal working hours from Monday to Saturday are from 9 o’clock in the morning to 6 o’clock in the evening. On Sunday we open at the later time of 10.30 and close at the earlier time of 3.30. From our office you can get information about hotels, restaurants and cinemas in the city. Why not take a bus tour? There are bus tours of the city every day which start at 11 o’clock. They start from Castle Square. Tours take about 2 hours and go around the historic city centre and along a part of the river. The cost of a ticket is 3 pounds. Tickets can be bought from the bus driver. You can get off the bus at five places of interest and continue your journey later.

31.The office hour is from 10.30 to 3 on Sunday. B

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn’t say

32.The office provides information about where to eat. A

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn’t say

33.There is a tour guide on the bus who tells you about the places of interest. C A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn’t say

34.You are not allowed to get off the bus before the tour ends. B

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn’t say

35.This is a telephone message. A

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Doesn’t say

My grandfather was a completely different person before he had a stroke. He worked as a chief accountant, and he worked really long hours. People used to say that he was a workaholic. When he came home, he was always tired and this used to make him irritable. He didn’t use to be sociable at all. He used to spend a lot of time alone working in the garden. I used to be frightened of him as a child. He used to shout at us all the time. Then, suddenly he became ill, and then the doctors told him he had to give up work. He changed almost overnight. His attitude to lots of things changed. He relaxed and spent time with his grandchildren. When he died, I think he was a really happy, relaxed man.

26. My grandfather used to _____B_____.

A. drink a lot

B. work very hard

C. be the manager

27. He was ____C______ when he came home.

A. very pleasant

B. excited

C. easy to get angry

28. When I was a child, I ____C______.

A. liked him very much

B. I hated him

C. was afraid of him

29. Doctors asked him to ____A______after he had a stroke.

A. stop working

B. change his attitude

C. work less

30. When he died, he ____C______.

A. was feeling worried

B. was irritable

C. was a happy man

31-35 题：阅读下列短文，并根据短文内容判断其后的句子是否正确（Right）、错误（Wrong），还是文字中没有涉及相关信息（Doesn’t say）。（共计10分，每小题2分）

Linda was a few minutes late. Wilson had left the office when she got there. His secretary told her he would be back in a few minutes. She had to sit down and wait for a few minutes in the outer office.

“I’ll never get this job,” she told herself. For a moment she wanted to run out of the building. Just then, Wilson came through the door and hurried into his office. A few seconds later his secretary took Linda in and introduced her.

Linda apologized for being late. Wilson did not seem to mind. They talked for a few seconds and then got down to business. He took out her letter of application.

“You’ve never worked in radio and television before, have you?” he said. Linda’s answer was “No”. Now she was even more sure that she would not get the job. Wilson asked her a few more questions.

To her surprise, he seemed happy with her answers. She was even more surprised when he asked her if she could start soon. “I wonder if you’d mind starting next month?” he asked with a smile. It seemed she had got the job after all!

31.   Linda was late for the interview because she got up too late.

A. Right

B.Wrong.

 C. Doesn’t say.

32.   Wilson left the office to meet Linda.

A. Right.

 B. Wrong. 

C. Doesn’t say.

33.Linda went into Wilson’s office by herself.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn’t say.

34.   Linda was experienced in radio and television work.

A. Right.

 B. Wrong.

C. Doesn’t say.

35.   Linda was surprised she could get the job.

A. Right.

B. Wrong.

C. Doesn’t say.

第四部分翻译（共计30分）

36.__ It is a very enjoyable/interesting film __（这是部非常有意思的电影），but it's not a film to watch before bedtime！

37. She borrowed the book from me last week and ___ gave it back /returned it to me__（她还给了我）on Monday.

38. She said _ she used to live here _．（她曾经住在这里）

39. A：How shall I get to the post office?

    B: You can go there _ either by bus or by subway _（可以坐公共汽车，也可以坐地铁）

40. Which is __ the best football team _（最好的足球队）in the world?

41. We have enough money to improve the website.

我们有足够的钱改进这个网站。

42. I need to be back home by 6 pm.

我得在（下午）六点之前回到家。

43. He studies in a university west of Beijing.

他在北京西边的一所大学里读书。

44. He came across an old painting at his friend's house.

他在朋友家偶然发现了一幅古画。

45. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.

昨天我让人把窗户给清洗了。

36. You'll be here tomorrow,__ won’t you __-？（是不是）

37. A:__ Shall we have something to eat _（吃点儿东西好吗）before we watch the film?

   B：Sounds great. I know a very nice restaurant close to the cinema.

38. Peter, you need to__ have your hair cut _．（该理发了）

39. Mary said that_ she wanted to buy a hook _．（她想去买本书）

40. You can wear_ either a T-shirt or a shirt _（或者是T恤衫，或者是衬衫）to the party.

41. Polly（波莉）is worried about her lack of experience.

波莉担心自己缺乏经验。

42. The hotel is surrounded by fields and woods.

饭店四周田野树林环绕。

43. The flat was in a bit of mess.

房间里有点乱。

44. Both of the boys are good at singing.

两个男孩都擅长唱歌。

45. They enjoyed themselves at the party.

他们在晚会上玩得很开心

36. A: _Are you getting on well with your classmates_？（你和你的同学关系好吗？）

B: Yes，very well. We are like a family.

37.Let's go and watch a football game,＿shall we＿？（好吗？）

38. She said__she used to live here__．（她曾经住在这里）

39.A：Shall we go out for a drink，Mary`?

B: I'm afraid I can't, Bill. I`m having my tv-set repaired now（我正在让人帮我修电视呢。）

40.Harry Potter is the film＿I like best ＿（我最喜欢的）．

41. Although it is very enjoyable，the film is too long.

虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。

42. Sandy is wearing a long，black，silk dress.

桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。

43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o'clock.

我得在六点前到达机场。

44. I must have left the camera in a shop.

我一定是把相机丢在那家商店里了。

45. The accounts，which are in a bit of a mess，have to be ready for next month.

账目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。

A：Would you like to order now?

B: _I`d like a salad ,please_．（我要份沙拉）

37.A：Where is Richard?

B: He is over there.＿He is wearing a red T-shirt．（他穿着一件红色的T恤衫。）

38.A: _shall we have some thing to eat_（吃点儿东西好吗）before we watch the film?

B：Sounds great. I know a very nice restaurant close to the cinema.

39.A：I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?

B: No. You must have put it （一定是把它放在）behind the door.

40.A：How shall I get to the post office?

B:  You can go there either by bus or by sub-way（可以坐公共汽车，也可以坐地铁）

41．We have enough money to improve the website.

我们有足够的钱改进网站。

42. Do you take after your mother or father?

你像你的母亲或父亲吗？

43. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant.

我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。

44. One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games.

奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育赛事之一。

45. It would be great to see you to catch up on all our news.

到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。

36. You'll be here tomorrow,____won`t  you__ ?（是不是）

37. These shoes_are too big_（太大了）．I need to get them changed.

38. The wall can be__either blue or red_．（或是蓝色，或是红色）

39._I`m afraid_（我恐怕）I don’t know where the books are.

40._I would rather_（我宁愿）stay at home watching TV.

41. I had the windows cleaned yesterday.

昨天我擦了窗户。

42. He used to play basketball every Sunday

他过去经常在星期天打篮球。

43. They enjoyed themselves at the party.

他们在聚会上玩得很开心。

44. She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sister.

她不喜欢游泳，她妹妹也是。

45. 1’ve been learning English for three years.

我学英语三年了。

36.I’m late, __ aren’t I __（是不是）?

37. _ I used to like singing __ （我曾经很喜欢唱歌）, but I don’t sing anymore. 38．_ Because it was late __（因为时间晚了）, we didn’t go to the film.

39．The wall can be __ either blue or red ____（或是蓝色，或是红色）.

40．_ I would buy a car __ （我就会买一辆车）if I won the lottery.

41.I didn’t have breakfast this morning.

今天早上我没有吃早饭。

42.The flat was in a bit of mess.

房子里有点乱

43.We needed to have the website redesigned.

我们需要重新设计网站。

44.I’ve asked John to check the computer.

我已经让约翰去检查计算机了

45. It would be great to see you again.

能再见到你那该多好啊。

36.A: Do you ever do any exercise?

B: _ I used to play tennis _,（我以前一直打网球，）but I haven’t lately.

37.She’s your girlfriend, _ isn’t she __?（是不是）

38.They said _ they didn’t know where the books were _ .（他们不知道书在哪儿）

39.My computer is not working. I need to __ have it repaired __.（让人帮我修一修。）

40.Soccer is one of _ the most dangerous sports _ (最危险的体育活动) in the world.

41.   I must have left the camera in the shop.

我一定是将相机丢在了商店里。

42.   Polly（波莉）is worried about her lack of experience.

波莉担心自己缺乏经验。

43.   I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.

我得在六点前到达机场。

44.   I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum.

我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感。

45.         While she was waiting, her phone rang.

她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了。

Dave’s picking up the van tomorrow.

戴维明天要用大篷车运货。

I’m going to buy him a violin for his birthday.

我打算买一把小提琴给他过生日.

I’m tired. I’ll take a taxi to go there.

我累了,我要坐出租车去那儿.

三种时态之3:现在完成时

举例说明现在完成时的用法。

（1）   表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在或将来的影响或产生的结果。

例：She has lost her wallet.她丢了钱包。（所以现在没钱买票。）

（2）   表示某人的经历

例：I’ve been to Beijing.我曾经到过北京.

他直到10点才起床.He didn’t get up until ten o’clock.

这件衬衫太小了.This shirt is too small.

不,我觉得够大了.No, I feel it’s big enough.

《文秘管理与应用写作》

一、      填空

1．主旨、 材料、 结构 和 语言 是一切文章的构成要素。

2．国务院2000年8月24日发布的《国家行政机关公文处理办法》列出的

十三类公文为：（1） 命令  （ 令 ）；（2） 决定；（3） 公告；（4） 通告；（5） 通知；（6） 通报；（7） 议案；（8） 报告；（9） 请示；（10） 批复；（11） 意见；（12） 函；（13） 会议纪要。

3．中共中央办公厅1996年5月3日发布的《中国共产党机关公文自理条例》列出的十四类党的机关常用的公文为：（1） 决议；（2） 决定；（3） 指示；（4） 意见；（5） 通知；（6） 通报；（7） 公报；（8） 报告；（9） 请示；（10） 批复；（11） 条例；（12） 规定；（13） 函；（14） 会议纪要。

4．全国人大党委会办公厅1998年2月6日发布的《人大机关公文处理办法》（试行）列出的公文文种为： 公告， 决议， 决定， 法、 条例、 规则、 实施办法、 议案， 意见、 批评和 建议， 请示， 批复， 报告， 通知， 通报， 函， 意见， 会议纪要。

5．公文主要具有以下特点：（1） 法定；（2） 政策；（3） 实用；（4） 时效；（5） 规范。

6．公文的具体功用主要体现在以下几个方面：（1） 颁布法规 传达指示；（2）反映情况 请示工作；（3） 联系工作 商洽公务 ；（4） 宣传教育；（5） 依据凭证。

7．从不同的角度，依照不同的标准，可对公文进行不同的分类，比如，按照行文关系和行文方向的不同，可将公文分为 上行文 、 平行文 和 下行文 三种；按照紧急程度的不同，可将公文分为紧急公文和普通公文两类，紧急公文还分 特急 和 急件 两类；按照有无保密要求的不同，可将公文分为无保密要求的普通公文和有保密要求的文件两类，按照机密等级的不同，还可以将有保密要求的文件分为 绝密 文件、 机密 文件和 秘密     文件三种；按其具体职能的不同，可将公文分为 法规 性公文、 指挥 性公文、 报请 性公文、 知照 性公文、 联系 性公文和 实录 性公文。

8．人们一般习惯于把一份公文划为三大块，即 眉首 部分、 主体 部分和 版记      部分。眉首部分又称文头部分，通常是由 公文分数序号 、 秘密等级 和 保密期限 、 紧急程度、 发文机关标识 、 发文字号 、 签发人 诸要素构成的；主体部分又称行文部分，通常是由 标题 、 主送机关 、 正文 、 附件说明 、 成文日期 、 公文生效标识 、 附注 等项目构成的；版记部分又称文尾部分。通常是由 主题词 、 抄送机关名称 、 引发机关 和 印发时间 、 反线 诸要素构成的。

9．公文的发文字号是由 发文机关代字 、 年份 和 序号 三个要素构成的。

10． 发文机关名称 、 发文事由 和 公文种类 是构成公文标题的三个基本要素。

11．在一份比较复杂的公文中，正文一般包括 开头、 主体、 结尾 三部分。

12．公文正文的开头方式有许多种，常见的有：（1） 目的 式；（2） 根据 式；（3） 缘由式。

13．公文正文结尾的写法多种多样，比较常用的有：（1） 归结 式；（2） 说明 式；（3） 申明 式；（4） 祈请式；（5） 期望 。

14．一份公文的制发过程，一般应当经过以下几个程序：（1） 拟稿；（2） 审核；（3） 签发；（4） 复核；（5） 缮印；（6） 用印；（7） 登记、 分发。

15．依照有关法律发布行政法规和规章，宣布施行重大强制性行政措施，嘉奖有关单位人员，可用 命令（ 令 ）。

16．命令的最大特点是具有 强制 性。

17．命令主要包括 发布 令、 行政 令和 嘉奖 令等几种。

18．对重要事项或者重大行动作出安排，奖惩有关单位及人员，变更或者撤销下级机关不适当的决定事项，可用 决定。

19．向国内外宣布重要事项或者法定事项，要用 公告；公布社会各有关方面应当遵守或者周知的事项，要用 通告。

20．批转下级机关的公文，转发上级机关和不相隶属机关的公文，传达要求下级机关办理和需要有关单位周知或者执行的事项，任免人员，可用 通知。

21．按其内容和功用的不同，可将常用的通知分为以下几种：（1） 批示 性通知；（2）       指示 性通知；（3） 告知 性通知；（4） 任免 性通知。

22．表彰先进，批评错误，传达重要精神或者情况，可用 通报 。

23．按其具体用途和内容的不同，可将通报分为三类：（1） 表彰 性通报；（2） 批评 性通报；（3） 情况 性通报。

24．通报的特点主要体现为（1） 严肃 性；（2） 教育 性；（3） 典型 性；（4） 时间 性。

25．各级人民政府按照法律程序向同级人民代表大会或人民代表大会常务委员会提请审议事项，可用 议案。

26．向上级机关汇报工作，反映情况，答复上级机关的询问，可用 报告。

27．从不同的角度，可对报告进行不同的分类，比如，按其性质的不同，可将报告分为 综合 报告和 专题 报告：按其行文的直接目的的不同，可将报告分为 呈报 性报告和 呈转 性报告。

28．向上级机关请求指示、批准，要用 请示 。

29．按照请示内容和请示目的的不同，可将请示分为请求 指示 的请示和请求 批准 的请示。

30．报告与请示的区别主要体现为：⑴ 具体功用 不同；⑵ 内容含量 不同；⑶

 行文时机 不同。

31．答复下级机关的请示事项，一般要用 批复 。

32．对重要问题提出见解和处理办法，要用 意见 。

33．不相隶属机关之间相互商洽工作，询问和答复问题，请求批准和答复审批事项，要用 函。

34．按行文方向的不同划分，可将函分为 去函 和 复函 两种；按内容的不同划分，可将常用场的函分为 商洽 性函、 询问 性函、 答复 性函和 请求 性函等几种。

35．记载和传达会议情况和议定事项，要用 会议纪要 。

36．按其内容和功用的不同，可将常见的会议纪要分为三类；⑴ 指示 性会议纪要；⑵ 通报 性会议纪要；⑶ 消息 性会议纪要。

37．会议纪要所应具备的两大特点是：⑴ 纪实 性；⑵ 提要 性。

38．机关编发的简报，大都是由 报头、 正文、 报尾 三个部分组成的。

39．简报的报头部分主要包括简报名称 编号 、 编印单位 、 印发日期 、 密级 、和 保密要求 等项目；报尾部分主要包括 发送单位 和 印发份数 两项内容。

40．调查报告的特点主要体现为：⑴ 真实 性；⑵ 针对 性；⑶ 典型 性。

41．计划的种类很多，而且从不同的角度可以对其进行不同的分类，比如，按其性质的不同，可将计划分为两大类，即 综合 性计划和 专题 性计划；按其形式的不同划分，有 条文 式计划、 表格 式计划、 条文 和 表格 配合使用的计划，大单位的计划或时限较长的计划，往往以文件的形式制订。

42．计划通常是由 标题 、 正文 和 落款 几个部分构成。

43．计划的正文部分一般包括 基本情况 、 目的 与 要求 、 步骤 与 作法 、 结语       等几个方面的内容。

44．从不同的角度，可将总结划分为不同的类别，比较常用的分类方法是按其性质的内容的不同，将总结分为 综合 性总结和 专题 性总结两类。

45．总结一般是由三个部分构成的，即 标题 、 正文 和 落款 。

46．总结的正文一般包括 前言 、 主体 和 结语 几个部分。

47．常见的规章制度主要有以下几种：⑴ 章程；⑵ 条例；⑶ 规定；⑷ 办法。

48．章程一般包括 标题、 签署、 正文 等几个部分。

49．同章程一样，条例通常也是由 标题 、 签署 、 正文 几个部分构成的。

50．述职报告通常是由 标题、 署名 和 正文 几个部分构成的。

51．经济消息的特点主要体现在 真 、 新 、 短 、 快 、 活 几个方面。

52．经济消息的作用主要体现在 舆论宣传 、 信息传播 、 经济流通 几个方面。

53．按其内容的不同，可将经济消息分为以下几类：⑴经济 动态 消息；⑵经济 综合    消息；⑶经济 典型 消息；⑷经济 述评 消息。

54．经济消息一般是由 标题 、 导语、 主体、 结尾 和 背景材料 五个部分构成的。

55．消息的标题有 单行 标题、 双行 标题、 三行 标题等几个种。

56．消息的三行标题是由 引题、 主标题、 副标题 组合而成的标题。

57．消息的开头部分通常是被称作 导语。

58．新闻导语的写法有许多种，常用的有以下几种：⑴ 叙述 式；⑵ 描写 式；⑶ 设问 式；⑷ 论述 式。

59．撰写经济消息，必须依循以下要求：⑴事实要 准确；⑵报道要 及时；⑶表述要 通俗、 简练。

60．产品说明书的作用主要体现以下几个方面：⑴ 传播知识；⑵ 指导消费；⑶

 宣传企业。

61．产品说明书的特点主要体现为：⑴内容的 科学 性；⑵表述的 通俗；⑶层次的       条理 性。

62．从总体上看，产品说明书一般是由 标题、 正文、 尾部 几个部分构成的。

63．撰写产品说明书，必须注意以下两点：⑴要有 责任 意识；⑵要有 大众 意识。

64．广告的作用主要体现为：⑴ 传递信息；⑵ 传播知识；⑶ 开拓市场；⑷ 指导消费。

65．按传播媒体的不同，可将常见的广告分为 报纸 广告、 杂志 广告； 广播 广告； 电视广告； 路牌 广告； 网络 广告等几种。

66．文字广告通常包括 标题、 正文、 附文、 广告语 几个部分。

67．按其内容的不同，可将广告标题分为 直接 标题和 间接 标题两种。

68．广告文案正文的表达形式有多种，比较常见的有：⑴ 陈述 式；⑵ 描写 式；

⑶ 抒情 式；⑷ 论证 式；⑸ 说明 式。

    69．按其功能的不同，可将常用的广告划分为两大类：⑴ 功能 型；⑵ 诉求 型；按其语言风格的不同，可将广告语分为：⑴ 诗歌 化风格⑵ 口语 化风格⑶ 成语  化风格⑷ 谐音 化风格。

    70．经济活动分析报告的特点主要体现为：⑴ 科学 性；⑵ 及时 性；⑶ 指导 性。

    71．按照分析的目的和涉及的范围的不同，经济活动分析报告大致可分为以下几种：⑴ 全面 分析报告；⑵ 专题 分析报告；⑶ 简要 分析报告；⑷  财务 分析报告。

    72．经济活动分析报告大体上包括 标题 、 正文、 落款及 日期 几个部分。

    73．经济活动分析报告的标题常用的有两种：⑴ 报告 式标题；⑵ 论文 式

标题。

    74．经济活动分析报告的正文通常包括 基本情况、 评估分析、 意见 或 建议 等

几个部分内容。

    75．撰写经济活动分析报告常用的分析方法主要有：⑴ 比较 分析法；⑵ 因素 分析法；⑶ 预测 分析法；⑷ 综合 分析法；⑸ 调查 分析法。

    76．市场预测报告的特点主要体现为：⑴ 科学 性；⑵ 综合 性；⑶ 预见 性；⑷ 时效 性。

    77．常用的预测方法主要有两大类：⑴ 定性 预测法；⑵ 定量 预测法。

    78．市场预测报告正文的主体部分通常写入以下几项内容：一是 情况 ；二是分析       和 预测；三是 建议。

79．可行性研究报告的特眯主要体现为：⑴高度 科学 性；⑵严密 论证 性；⑶学科的 多样 性。

80．可行性研究报告一般是由 标题 、 正文 、 附件几个部分构成的。

81．可行性研究报告的正文通常包括 前言、 主体、 结论 三个部分。

82．招标、投标文书的特点主要体现为：⑴ 竞争 性；⑵ 公开 性；⑶ 简明 性。

    83．按作用划分，招标文书主要有 招标申请书、 招标文件、 招标书、 邀请函、 招标公告、 招标通告、 招标通知书、 议标书、 评标结果报告、 中标通知书；投标文书主要有 投标申请书、 投标书、 履约保证书 等几种。

    84．招标书一般是由 标题、 正文、 落款 三个部分组成。

    85．邀请投标函主要是由以下项目构成的：⑴ 标题；⑵ 发文字号；⑶ 主送单位；⑷ 正文；⑸ 签署。

    86．招标公告一般包括 标题、 正文 和 落款 三个部分。

    87．招标通知书一般包括 标题、 发文字号、 主送单位、 正文和 落款 几 个部分。

    88．投标书通常是由 标题、 主送单位、 正文、 落款、 附件 几个部分构成的。

    89．投标申请书一般包括 标题、 正文 和 落款 几个部分。

    90．合同的特点主要体现为：⑴ 合法 性；⑵ 合意 性；⑶ 平等 性；⑷ 诚信 性；⑸ 规范 性。

    91．从不同的角度，可将合同划分为不同的种类，比如，按时间划分，有 长期 合同、       中期 合同和 短期 合同；按表达形式划分，有 书面 形式合同和 口头 形式合同，按书面格式的不同，书面合同还可再分作 条款 式合同、 表格 式合同及 条款 加 表格 式合同；而目前用得最多的分类方法是按业务性质和内容的不同，将合同分为  买卖 合同、 供用电、（ 水、 气、 热力）合同、 赠与 合同、 借款 合同、 租赁 合同、 融资租赁 合同、 承揽建设 合同、 运输 合同、 技术 合同、 保管 合同、 仓储 合同、 委托 合同、 行纪 合同、 居间 合同。

    92．合同一般包括以下几个部分：⑴ 标题；⑵合同 当事人名称；⑶合同 编号与签订 地点、 时间；⑷ 正文；⑸ 署名和 有效期限。

    93．无论哪一类合同，都应写入以下几项基本条款：⑴ 标的；⑵ 数量 和 质量；⑶ 价款 或者 报酬；⑷ 包装 和 验收 方法；⑸履行的 期限、 地点 和 方式；⑹ 违约责任；⑺ 解决争议的方法。

    94．民事起诉状通常是由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    95．民事起诉状的首部主要包括 标题 和当事人的 基本情况 两个项目。

    96．民事起诉状的正文主要包括 诉讼请求、 事实 和 理由、 证据 三个方

面的内容。

    97．民事上诉状是由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    98．民事上诉状的首部主要包括 标题、当事人的 基本情况 和 案由 几项内

容。

    99．民事上诉状的正文主要包括上诉 请求 和上诉 理由 两项内容。

    100．民事答辩状是由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    101．民事答辩状的首部主要包括 标题、当事人的 基本情况 和 案由 几个

项目。

    102．刑事自诉状是由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    103．刑事自诉状的首部包括 标题 和当事人的 基本情况 两项内容。

    104．刑事上诉状由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    105．刑事上诉状的正文主要包括上诉 请求 和上诉 理由 两项内容。

    106．刑事答辩状由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    107．刑事答辩状的首部包括 标题、当事人的 基本情况 和 案由 几项内容。

    108．刑事申诉书由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    109．刑事申诉书的首部包括 标题、当事人的 基本情况 和 案由 几项内容。

    110．刑事申诉书的正文主要包括 请求事项、 事实 与 理由 两部分内容。

    111．行政起诉状是由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 三个部分组成的。

    112．行政起诉状正文主要包括 诉讼请求、 事实与 理由、证据 等几项内容。

    113．行政答辩状由 首部、 正文 和 尾部 组成的。

    114．行政答辩状的首部包括 标题 、当事人的 基本情况 和 案由 几项内容。

    115．从总体上说， 独创 性、 科学 性和 理论 性，是学术论文所应具备的基本特征。

    116．科学研究的课题有两大类：一类是 开创 性研究的课题，一类是 发展 性研究的课题。

    117．选择科学研究的课题，主要应当依循两条原则：⑴要选择 客观上有意义 的课题；⑵要选择 主观上有见解 的课题。

    118．研究课题的客观意义主要有两层含义：一是 社会 意义，二是 学术 意义。

    119．选择主观上有见解的课题，主要应当考虑：⑴要选择有 能力 完成的课题；⑵要选择有 兴趣 完成的课题；⑶要选择有 条件 完成的课题。

    120．获取论文写作资料的基本途径有：⑴ 观察；⑵ 试验 ⑶ 调查 ⑷ 利用图书情报机构。

    121．检索文献资料的方法主要有三种：一是 追溯 法；二是 常用 法；三是 循环  法。

    122．按照记录内容和记录方式的不同，可以将笔记划分为不同的种类，常用的有以下五类：⑴ 摘录 笔记；⑵ 提要 笔记；⑶ 提纲 笔记；⑷ 心得 笔记；⑸ 索引 笔记。

    123．辩证思维的方法主要有 归纳 和 演绎、 分析 和 综合、 抽象 和 具体、 逻辑     和 历史 等几种。

    124．在学术论文的写作中，应当依循以下标准选取材料：⑴要选取 确实 的材料；⑵要选取 有力 的材料；⑶要选取 富有新意 的材料；⑷要选取 易于理解 的材料。

    125． 序论、 本论 和 结论 三个部分前后相续、紧密衔接，是学术论文常见的结构程序。

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